Class 12 Psychology Chapter 5 Therapeutic Approaches

Key Concept: SKY Research

c) It reduces PTSD symptoms.

[Solution Description] SKY is known for its positive effects on mental health, including reducing depression and stress. These improvements in well-being are achieved through regular practice, as mentioned in the syllabus.

Key Concept: Negative Automatic Thoughts

b) I will never succeed

[Solution Description] Negative automatic thoughts often involve self-critical or pessimistic views about oneself or one’s abilities. The thought “I will never succeed” exemplifies such negativity and irrational thinking.

Key Concept: Critical Evaluation, Advanced Application

c) Group members might struggle with deep personal insights due to lack of focused attention.

[Solution Description] In group settings, acting out fantasies may lead to heightened emotions which could become overwhelming or disruptive for some participants. While it promotes catharsis and insight, the need for individualized attention amidst group dynamics might not always be met effectively, potentially limiting personal breakthroughs.

Key Concept: Therapy Application

c) Mindfulness-based meditation

[Solution Description] Mindfulness-based meditation is a therapy technique that emphasizes being present in the moment, enhancing focus and awareness. It incorporates practices such as controlled breathing, focused attention, and body scan exercises.

Key Concept: Basic Concepts

c) Improving interpersonal relations and communication

[Solution Description] The primary goals of psychotherapy include reinforcing the client’s resolve for betterment, lessening emotional pressure, unfolding potential for positive growth, modifying habits, changing thinking patterns, increasing self-awareness, improving interpersonal relations and communication, facilitating decision-making, becoming aware of one’s choices in life, and relating to one’s social environment in a more creative and self-aware manner.

Key Concept: Therapy Types

c) Humanistic-existential Therapy

[Solution Description]

Humanistic-existential therapy emphasizes self-understanding and personal growth by focusing on the individual’s potential for self-fulfillment and capacity for making rational choices. It encourages clients to explore their personal values and confront existential concerns.

Key Concept: Therapy Goals

c) Prescribing medication.

[Solution Description] The primary goals of psychotherapy include reinforcing resolve for betterment, lessening emotional pressure, modifying habits, and increasing self-awareness. Prescribing medication is not a goal.

Key Concept: Therapy Cause

d) Questions about life’s meaning

[Solution Description] Existential Therapy suggests that psychological problems arise from questions about life’s meaning and existence rather than specific past events or learned behaviours.

Key Concept: Role of Yoga

b) Sudarshana Kriya Yoga

[Solution Description] The role of yoga in reducing anxiety is often linked with its ability to promote relaxation response and deep, controlled breathing. Among various yoga techniques, Sudarshana Kriya Yoga emphasizes cyclical breathing patterns that help calm the nervous system and reduce anxiety.

Key Concept: Therapy Comparison

c) Humanistic therapy

[Solution Description] The therapy that focuses on personal growth is Humanistic Therapy. This type of therapy values the potential for personal development, self-actualization, and individual achievements.

Key Concept: Identification

b) Problem areas for therapy

[Solution Description] During clinical formulation, the theoretical understanding helps identify the problem areas that need to be targeted for treatment. This ensures that the therapy is focused on the most relevant issues affecting the client.

Key Concept: Therapy Application

c) Attention

[Solution Description] Cognitive retraining aims to enhance certain cognitive functions that are impaired in schizophrenia. Among these, attention is crucial, as it allows the patient to concentrate and process information effectively. By improving attention, patients can better engage with their environment and therapeutic activities.

Key Concept: Matching Terms

b) 1-B, 2-A, 3-C

[Solution Description]

– Negative reinforcement involves B) removing unpleasant stimuli to increase desired behavior.

– Aversive conditioning involves A) associating an undesired response with an aversive consequence.

– Reciprocal inhibition revolves around C) overcoming anxiety by building a relaxation response.

Key Concept: Therapy Types Comparison

c) Client-centred therapy

[Solution Description] The therapy that emphasizes self-exploration and acceptance is the person-centred or client-centred therapy. This approach, developed by Carl Rogers, is non-directive, allowing clients to lead the discussion and explore their feelings without judgment.

Key Concept: Core Schema

b) A deeply held belief formed during childhood

[Solution Description] Core schemas are deeply held beliefs developed from early childhood experiences that influence an individual’s perceptions and can lead to psychological distress when triggered by specific incidents.

Key Concept: Basic Concepts

b) Collaboration

[Solution Description] The therapeutic alliance in psychotherapy consists mainly of trust and collaboration between the therapist and the client. This relationship helps in creating a safe environment for the client to express feelings and thoughts.

Key Concept: Basic Concept

c) To reinforce desired behaviours while ignoring or punishing undesired ones

[Solution Description] The principle behind differential reinforcement is to increase desired behaviours by reinforcing them and decrease undesired behaviours by not reinforcing them or providing negative reinforcement.

Key Concept: Therapy Effectiveness, Therapy Challenges

c) Patients often resist participating due to overwhelming multi-concept challenges

[Solution Description] The primary challenge involves balancing the cognitive demands of occupational therapy with the interpersonal dynamics required in social skills training. Integrating these therapies means managing different skill sets and ensuring that learning from one does not overwhelm or conflict with the other. Often, patients may struggle with transferring skills learned in therapeutic settings to real-world scenarios without proper guidance.

Key Concept: Real-World Application, Meaning-making Process

c) Guide the patient towards discovering personal meaning through acknowledging and accepting life challenges.

[Solution Description] Logotherapy, a subset of existential therapy, helps patients find meaning even in dire situations. This involves engaging the patient in dialogues that uncover personal values and responsibilities, interpreting life events positively, and fostering resilience through acceptance and meaning-making. The process assists the patient in transcending suffering by attributing it to personal growth and responsibility, thus reinstating purpose in their life.

Key Concept: Role Play Application

d) It builds confidence through simulated scenarios.

[Solution Description]

Role play allows individuals to practice interpersonal interactions in a controlled environment, which can help build confidence and decrease anxiety in real-life situations. By simulating social situations, role play helps in identifying effective communication strategies and improving one’s ability to function within a social group.

Key Concept: Basic Concepts

a) Motivation for personal growth and self-actualization

[Solution Description] The primary motivation in humanistic-existential therapy is personal growth and self-actualization, which involves becoming more complex, balanced, and integrated.

Key Concept: Real-world Application, Multi-step Solutions

c) Integrate cognitive restructuring with therapeutic alliance

[Solution Description] Combining cognitive restructuring with efforts to build a strong therapeutic alliance can prove most effective. Here, cognitive restructuring addresses negative expectations directly, while a nurturing therapeutic relationship increases hope and trust, boosting the patient’s belief in positive outcomes. This dual strategy is crucial for clients exhibiting such motivational discrepancies.

Key Concept: Core Concept

b) Carl Rogers

[Solution Description] Client-centred therapy, also known as person-centred therapy, was developed by Carl Rogers. He emphasized the importance of providing a supportive environment where clients could explore their true selves.

Key Concept: Skill Application

c) It develops fine motor skills and concentration, providing therapeutic benefits.

[Solution Description] Candle making helps improve fine motor skills and concentration, provides a sense of achievement, and can be a therapeutic activity that contributes to emotional well-being.

Key Concept: Characteristics Identification

b) Involves medication

[Solution Description] Psychotherapeutic approaches involve systematic application of psychological principles and typically require practical training. They do not involve prescribing medication as part of therapy.

Key Concept: Existential Therapy, Ethical Considerations

c) Ensuring the therapist maintains a professional boundary while encouraging the client to explore personal meanings confidentially.

[Solution Description]

Viktor Frankl’s Existential Therapy focuses on helping clients find meaning in life even amidst suffering. An ethical consideration aligned with this goal involves ensuring the client’s autonomy and freedom while maintaining respect and confidentiality. Acknowledging the individual’s capacity to shape their own destiny respects their unique perspective and supports meaningful discovery.

Key Concept: Component Identification

a) Contractual nature

[Solution Description] A key component of the therapeutic alliance is its contractual nature, where both parties agree on certain terms and conditions for their interactions and what they aim to achieve during therapy.

Key Concept: Basic Concepts

b) As alternatives to conventional treatments

[Solution Description]

Alternative therapies are primarily used as substitutes or complements to conventional treatments, aiming to provide holistic healing or wellness options that might not be covered by mainstream medicine.